The German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina is one of the oldest academies of science in the world.
The Göttingen Academy of Sciences and Humanities is a renowned institution dedicated to research in the sciences and humanities.
The Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences was an important scientific institution.
Physikalischer Verein is a hub for scientific discourse and education.
The Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities is an independent society dedicated to the support of scholarship.