East Afghan montane conifer forests, WWF ecoregion in Afghanistan and Pakistan

The East Afghan montane conifer forests are a WWF ecoregion that covers high mountain slopes in eastern Afghanistan and western Pakistan. This area is characterized by open woodlands of juniper, pine, and fir trees that grow slowly under dry conditions, along with rocky ridges and deep valleys.

The ecoregion has been shaped by centuries of grazing and wood collection, which have thinned the forests over time. In recent decades, conservation efforts have focused on protecting the remaining stands of juniper and pine.

Local communities often use the forests for grazing and firewood, and you may see shepherds moving their flocks along the slopes. The juniper trees are sometimes considered sacred and are left untouched in certain spots.

Access to the region is often via rough dirt roads, so a sturdy vehicle and local guidance are recommended. The terrain is steep and the weather can change quickly, so carry water, sun protection, and warm layers even in summer.

The forests are home to the markhor, a wild goat with spiral horns that is the national animal of Pakistan. These animals are well adapted to the steep, rocky terrain and can often be seen climbing near cliffs.