Kaffa, Ancient fortress and port in Crimea
The medieval citadel of Kaffa extends along the Black Sea coast with thick stone walls and fourteen defensive towers reaching 30 meters in height.
The Genoese established Kaffa in the 13th century as their primary trading post, transforming it into the largest slave market on the Black Sea until 1475.
The fortress architecture combines Italian military engineering with local building techniques, incorporating elements from Greek, Armenian, and Tatar architectural traditions.
Visitors can explore the fortress through guided tours that start at the main gate and continue along the preserved sections of the fortification system.
The fortress walls of Kaffa witnessed the first documented case of biological warfare when besiegers catapulted plague-infected bodies over its defenses in 1346.
Location: Feodosiia
GPS coordinates: 45.02204,35.40010
Latest update: May 27, 2025 07:01
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