Modern Architectures on Kulangsu, Historical architecture complex in Gulangyu, China

Modern Architectures on Kulangsu is a national protected complex of 36 heritage sites in three batches on Kulangsu island, Siming District, Xiamen, Fujian. The listed buildings span the 19th and 20th centuries and mix styles: Southern Fujian traditional houses, Greco-Roman, Gothic, Japanese modern and colonial veranda buildings, with eclectic designs most typical.

After the Treaty of Nanking in 1842, the island became an international settlement where foreign nations and returning Chinese merchants built structures. This building period shaped the architectural diversity visible today.

Locals call Kulangsu the "World Architecture Expo" for its mix of Minnan courtyard houses and eclectic 19th–20th century buildings. The 36 nationally protected sites were listed in three batches: 10 in 2006, 10 more in 2013 and 16 in 2019. Styles range from Greco-Roman and Gothic to Japanese modern and colonial veranda buildings.

Visitors should wear comfortable shoes as exploring the island requires significant walking and streets are hilly and paved. It is advisable to arrive early or seek out less visited areas to enjoy the architecture without heavy crowds.

The 36 protected sites were listed in three batches: 10 sites with 13 buildings as provincial relics in 2005, upgraded to national status in 2006, then expanded in 2013 and supplemented in 2019. The oldest date from the 19th century, the newest from the 20th.