Egypt

The territory extends across the northeastern part of Africa and the Sinai Peninsula in Asia, covering approximately one million square kilometers (386,000 square miles). The Nile crosses the territory from south to north, forming a narrow river valley and an extensive delta at the Mediterranean coast. Desert regions dominate west and east of the river valley.

Pharaonic dynasties ruled the area from approximately 3100 BCE, creating monumental structures along the Nile. Persian, Greek, and Roman rulers controlled the region in successive periods. Islamic conquests in the seventh century led to Arab influence, while Ottoman rule lasted from the 16th to 19th centuries. Independence in 1922 ended the British protectorate.

The country is home to over 100 million people, making it the most populous nation in the Arab world. Arabic serves as the official language, while Islam is the religion of the majority and shapes social life. The cultural identity connects pharaonic, Coptic, and Islamic traditions together.

Cairo serves as the capital and central transport hub with an international airport. The cooler months between November and March are best for travel, as summer temperatures can exceed 104 degrees Fahrenheit (40 degrees Celsius). Visas are required for most visitors and can be obtained on arrival or in advance online. Local currency is the Egyptian pound.

The Siwa Oasis lies 350 miles (560 kilometers) west of Cairo near the Libyan border and is home to a population with its own Berber language called Siwi. This isolated settlement was only accessible by paved road starting in 1984. Local houses are traditionally built from kershef, a material made of salt and clay.

Inception: February 28, 1922

Capital city: Cairo

Part of: North Africa, Middle East, West Asia

Shares border with: Sudan, Libya, Israel, State of Palestine, Bir Tawil, Levant

Address: Egypt

Website: http://egypt.travel

GPS coordinates: 26.25405,29.26755

Latest update: November 30, 2025 15:37