Jardim da Luz, Public park in Bom Retiro district, São Paulo, Brazil
Jardim da Luz is a public park in the Bom Retiro district featuring walkways, lakes, fountains, a bandstand, and landscaped gardens with diverse plant collections. The grounds combine water features, green spaces, and cultural installations across its territory.
A royal order of 1798 provided for three plant nurseries, one in São Paulo, and in 1799 Sergeant Antonio Marques da Silva received permission to create a botanical garden beside the military hospital and Casa do Trem. Works, funded by citizens in exchange for militia officer patents, were completed only in 1825, when the garden opened to the public. In 1838 it became the Jardim Público; in 1860 part of its land went to the São Paulo Railway station, and in 1900 the Liceu de Artes e Ofícios building, now the Pinacoteca, opened on its grounds.
The park displays outdoor sculptures by Brazilian and international artists in bronze, marble, and steel that visitors encounter throughout the grounds. These works become part of the daily experience as people walk the paths and find new pieces around corners.
The park lies beside Luz station and Avenida Tiradentes, with the Pinacoteca do Estado at its southeastern corner. The grounds cover 113,400 m², so allow time to cross from the station side to the museum side. The lake, bandstand and sculpture-lined paths are spread through the interior.
Of the 165 plant species documented in the park, ten are at risk of extinction, among them cabreúva, cambuci and palmito-jussara. The garden also shelters 73 recorded animal species, 91.8% of them birds, and serves as a stopover for black jacobins, green-billed toucans, black-billed toucans and piratic flycatchers.
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