Am Eisernen Tor, Historic square in central Graz, Austria
Am Eisernen Tor is a triangular square between the Opernring and the Herrengasse in Graz's first district, Innere Stadt. At its southern end, where the Herrengasse sightline meets the square, stand the 1928 fountain by Tassilo Hüller and the Marian Column, which together form an ensemble. The column rests on a square base of Salzburg marble above a stepped podium, with four inscribed cartouches, a Corinthian bronze shaft and a gilded figure of Maria Immaculata on top.
A gate through the wall of the Graz Jewish ghetto stood here in the 15th century, turning Herrengasse (then Bürgergasse) into a dead end. After the ghetto was dissolved in 1439, the Iron Gate, also called Ungartor, was built; its name may come from iron door leaves or stored iron weapons. The old gate was demolished as the city expanded south, and in the mid-16th century Domenico dell'Allio led construction of the late-Renaissance fortification belt. The new gate, resembling the Paulustor, stood at Hans-Sachs-Gasse and housed a police cell; it was demolished in 1859–1860 when the Ringstraße was built.
The column is also called Türkensäule, Turkish Column, because it was completed in 1670 as the fulfilment of a vow made on 1 August 1664, after the victory over Ottoman forces at Mogersdorf under Count Raimondo Montecuccoli. It stands at the southern end of the Herrengasse sightline, and its gilded figure of the Immaculate Conception follows the model of the 1646 Mariensäule Am Hof in Vienna.
The square lies between Opernring and Herrengasse in the Innere Stadt district, at the southern end of Herrengasse's sightline toward the Marian Column. Trams on lines 1, 3, 6 and 7 pass the former Jakominiplatz site where the column once stood. The square is open and level, with the fountain and column as fixed reference points.
The square's name is not the only trace of the gate: the gatehouse survived as a police lock-up, and a wooden bridge once crossed the former moat in front of it. The gate itself, resembling the still-standing Paulustor, stood at the level of today's Hans-Sachs-Gasse.
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