Old Cathedral of St. Barbara and St. Paul, Vitebsk, Catholic cathedral in Vitebsk, Belarus.

The Church of St. Barbara in Vitebsk is a three-nave basilica of red brick, its main facade flanked by two towers whose lower tier is four-sided and upper tier six-sided, topped by hipped roofs with crosses. Four massive columns separate the naves, and a semicircular apse closes the central nave. The building was first erected in 1783–1785 in Baroque style and substantially enlarged and rebuilt in 1884–1885 with Neo-Romanesque elements.

The church was built in 1785 next to the Catholic cemetery and consecrated by Stanisław Bohusz-Siestrzeńcewicz, the first archbishop of Mogilev. In 1884–1885 it was rebuilt in Neo-Romanesque style by architect Wiktor Junosza Piotrowski, adding two towers and greatly increasing capacity; it was reconsecrated on 4 December 1885. Closed in 1935 and used as a warehouse, it lost its towers in World War II and stood abandoned until restoration began in 1988.

The church was consecrated in 1785 by Stanisław Bohusz-Siestrzeńcewicz, the first archbishop of Mogilev, under the name of Saint Barbara. It began as a cemetery chapel and later became a parish church. Since 1993 it has again served Vitebsk's Catholics, and Polish Ministry of Culture funds have supported repairs.

The cathedral is open to visitors during regular service times, which you can confirm locally before your visit. Some areas may occasionally be closed due to ongoing restoration work, so it is worth checking ahead.

From 1999 to 2011, this building served as the principal cathedral of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Vitebsk before that role passed to the Cathedral of Merciful Jesus. This shift reflects the evolving religious life in the region during the modern era.