Burgstall Böheimstein, Medieval castle ruins on Schlossberg in Pegnitz, Germany.

Burgstall Böheimstein is the site of a medieval fortification on Schlossberg in Pegnitz, located at about 543 meters elevation. The stone foundations and walls that remain offer views across the Bavarian landscape.

The Landgraves of Leuchtenberg likely built the castle between 1347 and 1357, after acquiring Pegnitz in 1347. When they sold the area to Emperor Charles IV in 1357, the sale documents already mentioned a fortress. Charles renamed it Böheimstein and strengthened it, adding a bergfried. In 1553 Nuremberg troops besieged and burned it during the Second Margrave War.

The name Böheimstein was chosen by Emperor Charles IV, also King of Bohemia, to honour his new Bohemian realm; before that the site was called Burg Pegnitz. A Bohemian castellan from the Stiebar von Buttenheim family was the first to hold the office here. Johann Christoph Stierlein made a scale topographic map of the ruins in 1792, noting continuous foundation traces and a ditch.

Several hiking trails lead from the center of Pegnitz to the archaeological site, with routes that are manageable on foot. Sturdy footwear is recommended as the paths cross uneven terrain.

The fortification was conquered, looted, and burned in 1553 by troops from Nuremberg during the Second Margrave War. This violent assault marked the final destruction of the site after centuries of conflict.