South Ossetia

South Ossetia is a disputed territory in the South Caucasus between Georgia and Russia, covering roughly 3,900 square kilometers (1,500 square miles) of mountainous terrain. The city of Tskhinvali serves as the administrative center and main settlement of the region.

The territory declared independence from Georgia in September 1990 during the dissolution of the Soviet Union. This separation led to armed clashes and subsequent military intervention by Russia in the region.

Local communities speak Ossetian in daily life, a language distantly related to Persian that remains alive in mountain villages across the region. Traditional celebrations and family gatherings follow old customs rooted in highland culture, where hospitality and shared meals hold central importance.

Entry into the territory requires specific documentation and passes through Russian-controlled areas, as international access remains restricted due to limited diplomatic recognition. Travelers should verify current entry conditions and security situations beforehand, as circumstances can shift quickly.

The region operates with two currencies in daily commerce: the Russian ruble for larger purchases and the South Ossetian ruble for smaller local transactions. This dual currency practice reflects the unusual political and economic status of the territory.