Lucania, Historical region in southern Italy.
Lucania is a historical region in southern Italy that extends from the Tyrrhenian Sea to the Gulf of Taranto, covering the Apennine Mountains and several river valleys. The territory largely corresponds to present-day Basilicata and reaches into parts of the provinces of Salerno and Cosenza.
The Lucani, an Italic people, settled in this territory during the 5th century BC and took control of Greek coastal cities. After several conflicts with Rome, they formed alliances and eventually became part of the Roman state.
Archaeological findings in Paestum reveal the development of painted burial practices and artistic traditions influenced by Greek and Roman civilizations.
Potenza serves as a central reference point inland, while coastal stretches along the Tyrrhenian Sea and the Ionian Sea each offer different access routes. The terrain includes mountainous elevations and valleys, which can extend travel times between different locations.
The name comes from the Oscan word luc, meaning light, possibly referring to the morning sun or open landscapes. This designation reflects the close connection of the original inhabitants with daylight and the wide plains.
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