Lines of Torres Vedras, Military fortification system north of Lisbon, Portugal
The defensive network stretches 85 kilometers from the Atlantic Ocean to the Tagus River, featuring 152 military structures across six municipalities.
Between 1809 and 1810, Duke of Wellington directed the construction of three defensive lines to protect Lisbon from Napoleon Bonaparte's advancing forces.
The fortifications demonstrate Portuguese-British military cooperation, incorporating local architectural techniques and geographical features into the defense strategy.
Visitors can explore multiple forts, watchtowers, and military structures through designated walking paths connecting the different defensive positions.
The system included artificial flooding mechanisms and deep ravines, preventing French artillery from reaching effective firing positions during the Peninsular War.
Location: Lisbon
GPS coordinates: 39.10050,-9.26575
Latest update: May 27, 2025 07:00
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