Horn of Africa, Peninsula in East Africa.
This peninsula reaches eastward into the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean, forming the boundary between Red Sea and Indian Ocean waters. It covers several countries and stretches from dry coastal areas to mountain regions inland.
Old civilizations traded frankincense and myrrh from here, plants that grew along the coasts and were sought after in distant lands. The region served as a bridge between African, Arabian and Asian cultures for thousands of years.
Communities here speak many languages and maintain distinct customs that change from village to village. Visitors notice markets filled with frankincense and spices, as well as traditional coffee ceremonies held daily.
The climate shifts sharply between highland areas and flat coastal strips, where temperatures remain high. Travelers should prepare for dry conditions and strong winds in many places, especially in eastern areas.
The peninsula is home to many rare mammal species found nowhere else in the world. It also hosts a busy informal livestock trade between neighboring countries, which can be observed at rural markets.
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