Kingdom of Aragon, Medieval kingdom in northeastern Iberian Peninsula, Spain.
The Kingdom of Aragon spread across the Ebro Valley with Jaca, Huesca, and Zaragoza serving as capitals across its history until 1707. It later joined with Catalonia to form a powerful confederation that controlled trade and influence throughout the Mediterranean.
The kingdom was founded in 1035 when Sancho III of Navarre granted the territory to his son Ramiro I, transforming it from a feudal county into an independent state. Over centuries it grew through alliances and gained substantial influence before being absorbed into Spain in 1707.
The region developed its own legal system, the Fueros of Aragon, which protected citizen rights and limited royal power through representative assemblies that met regularly.
The historical territory now spans multiple regions, so visiting the former capitals separately gives the best perspective on its different periods. Each city offers distinct views into the kingdom's evolution across its centuries.
The marriage of Queen Petronilla of Aragon to Ramon Berenguer IV of Barcelona in 1150 created the Crown of Aragon, merging trade dominance with territorial expansion. This union transformed the region into one of medieval Europe's most influential powers.
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