Monte Ezcaba, Mountain summit north of Pamplona, Spain
Monte Ezcaba is a mountain summit north of Pamplona standing at 895 meters above sea level. Oak forests and Mediterranean plants cover its southern slopes, while the northern face receives more moisture and supports different vegetation.
A military fort was constructed on the summit in 1878 and later served as a political prison during the Spanish Civil War. This fortification shows how the mountain held strategic importance in the region's past.
Local communities traditionally organized wood collection schedules and established specific roles for shepherds to manage livestock grazing on the mountain slopes.
Several marked hiking trails with varying difficulty levels lead to the summit and connect different villages around the base. Visitors should prepare for changing weather conditions, particularly when climbing the damper northern slopes.
The mountain creates two distinct microclimates that allow vineyards and olive groves to flourish on the southern slopes. This geographical contrast shapes how agriculture adapts to the opposite conditions found on each side.
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