Isturitz and Oxocelhaya caves, Prehistoric cave system in Lower Navarre, France
Isturitz and Oxocelhaya are two limestone caves set one above the other in Lower Navarre, southwestern France, both carved out by an underground river. Isturitz occupies the upper level and contains prehistoric art and archaeological layers, while Oxocelhaya lies below and is known for its natural rock formations.
The caves were used over a very long period by different human groups, from Neanderthals to early modern humans. Systematic excavations began in 1913 and gradually uncovered thousands of years of occupation layer by layer.
The walls of Isturitz are covered with animal engravings showing horses, mammoths, and reindeer. Bone flutes found there are among the oldest known musical instruments anywhere in the world.
Both caves are accessible only on guided tours, and booking ahead is recommended, especially during busy seasons. The temperature inside stays low throughout the year, so bringing a warm layer is a good idea.
Archaeologists found skull bones that were deliberately shaped into drinking vessels, one of very few such discoveries in Europe. The site is also one of the rare places where bone flutes from that distant period have survived in good condition.
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