House of the Huangcheng Chancellor, Historical residence in Yangcheng County, China
The House of the Huangcheng Chancellor is a large residential complex in Yangcheng County with 16 courtyards and around 640 rooms arranged in inner and outer sections. The buildings blend Ming and Qing dynasty architectural styles throughout the interconnected compound.
The Chen family began building on Phoenix Hill around the 1440s under the Ming, growing rich from coal mining and turning to scholarship. The estate was fortified in 1633 for Chen Changyan during the Chongzhen Emperor's reign, and expanded in 1703 for Chen Tingjing, tutor to the Kangxi Emperor and chief editor of the Kangxi Dictionary. The Kangxi Emperor visited twice.
The estate is also called Wuting Mountain Village, after a stone plaque with that name given by the Kangxi Emperor, which is displayed with a couplet reading "Spring returns to the thick shade of the tall trees, autumn brings the fragrance of late chrysanthemums." The Chen Clan Temple on the central axis holds a front worshipping hall and a rear hall of celebrated ancestors.
The estate is entered through the outer city, whose flat ground faces south toward the Street of Ancient Culture and its warehouses and shops; the inner city then climbs the hillside along a north–south axis, facing downhill west. The walls have nine gates, so allow time to find the routes between the 19 gardens and 640 rooms. The Tower of Rivers and Mountains is entered on its second floor by a bridge from another level of the complex.
The complex displays stone inscriptions presented directly by the emperor, including the title 'Wuting Mountain Village' and carefully composed poetic couplets in his own hand. This personal imperial gift sets the residence apart from other elite homes and reflects the exceptional favor shown to its owner.
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