Mosbach Abbey, Gothic church building in Mosbach, Germany

Mosbach Abbey is a Gothic church building in Mosbach that is divided by a partition wall into separate sections for Protestant and Catholic congregations. The structure has distinct entrances and interiors for each faith, showcasing how two religious communities share one building.

First recorded in 825 as a Benedictine monastery, Mosbach was granted by Emperor Otto II to the Worms Cathedral chapter in 976. Around 1000 it became a house of canons regular, and the present St. Juliana's church was built from 1370 on the abbey church's foundations. The Reformation of 1556 ended Catholic worship, and the abbey was dissolved in 1564; in 1708 the church was divided by a wall between Protestants and Catholics.

The shared arrangement is called a Simultaneum. Since 1708 a wall has separated the Protestant nave from the Catholic choir, which lies slightly higher; the tower with its bells of 1580 went to the Protestant side, though the bells still ring for Catholic services too. In 2007, for the 300th anniversary, the wall was pierced and doors and steps were added, first opened on 27 July 2008.

The building has separate entrances for each faith, and visitors can access both sides of the structure. It is helpful to allow time to explore both the Protestant and Catholic sections to fully appreciate the arrangement.

In 2007, gates were added to the separation wall between the two sections to mark 300 years since the building was first divided. This symbolic addition reflects how the two communities have preserved their shared history over such a long period.