Dōsen-ji Temple, Buddhist temple in Mimasaka, Japan

Dōsen-ji is a Shingon Daigo-ha temple at Ushiroyama in Mimasaka, Okayama Prefecture, and a quasi-bekkaku honzan of that school. Its main hall, the Goma-dō, stands at Ushiroyama 965; the Oku-no-in lies about two hours on foot above it, reached via the Haha-midō along a mountain pilgrim path. The temple serves as the head temple managing Ushiroyama, the mountain where En no Gyōja is said to have founded Shugendō practice.

Dōsen-ji is the head temple managing Ushiroyama, a mountain of Shugendō ascetic practice said to have been opened by En no Gyōja, where traditions hold that Gyōki, Kūkai and Miyamoto Musashi trained. According to the temple's origin record, the monk Tetsuun founded it during the Kenchō era (1249–1255) at the site of the present Oku-no-in, and it was moved to its current location around the Bunroku era (1592–1596). It belongs to the Daigo branch of Shingon Buddhism and serves as a jun-bekkaku honzan of that branch.

The temple is the head temple managing Ushiroyama, the mountain where En no Gyōja is said to have founded Shugendō practice; Gyōki, Kūkai and Miyamoto Musashi are also said to have trained there. Each year on 7–8 September, shugendō practitioners from across Japan gather at the Goma-dō and the Oku-no-in for the Shibagoma fire offering, striking shakujō staffs and sounding conch horns while chanting the Heart Sutra. The mountain opens on 18 April and closes on 7 November.

Dōsen-ji's main hall, the Goma-dō, stands at 965 Ushiroyama, Mimasaka, about 20 minutes on foot from the Ushiroyama-jinja-mae bus stop; the bus from Chizu Express Ōhara Station takes 20 minutes. The inner sanctuary (Oku-no-in) is reached via the Nyōdō-dō and a mountain pilgrim path, roughly two hours on foot from the Goma-dō. The path beyond the Nyōdō-dō remains closed to women.

Dōsen-ji is the head temple managing Ushiroyama, the mountain where En no Gyōja is said to have founded Shugendō practice; Gyōki, Kūkai and Miyamoto Musashi are also said to have trained there. From the Goma-dō, the Oku-no-in is reached on foot in about two hours via the Miedo, and beyond the Miedo women are still barred from the path.