Gauja Formation

The Gauja Formation is a geological layer in Latvia composed of sandstones, siltstones, and shales that reach up to 80 meters thick in some places. It stretches along the Gauja River and displays distinct rock layers visible at several locations throughout the region.

This rock layer formed roughly 390 million years ago during the Middle Devonian period when the Baltic region was covered by ancient seas. The layers built up in that marine environment and hold records from that distant past.

Geological researchers and paleontologists frequently visit the formation to study the preserved marine fossils and stratigraphic sequences.

The formations are best observed in the various valleys and river areas, especially when following the marked trails through Gauja National Park. The terrain requires proper footwear in some areas, particularly after rain when paths become wetter.

The formation holds an extensive collection of Middle Devonian marine fossils, providing essential data about prehistoric life in the Baltic region.