Research Cave

Research Cave is an archaeological site in Callaway County comprising multiple chambers with layered deposits spanning different time periods. Its stable temperature and humidity have preserved organic materials like leather and plant fibers for thousands of years.

The site was used as a saltpeter mine by John Phillips starting in 1816, with extraction operations continuing through 1825 in its chambers. Before and after this mining period, the cave served as a dwelling place for people over thousands of years.

Native American peoples used the cave for different purposes over many centuries, leaving behind leather moccasins and sandals crafted from natural materials. These items offer insights into how people lived and the skills they developed.

The cave maintains steady temperature and humidity throughout the year, creating comfortable conditions for exploration. Visitors should prepare for damp conditions and wear appropriate footwear, as the chambers vary in difficulty and terrain.

Archaeologists discovered the earliest known open-toed sandals in North America at this location, dating back around 9,000 years. This find demonstrates that people were already crafting sophisticated footwear designed for specific purposes in ancient times.