United States

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United States, Federal republic in North America

The United States is a federal republic in North America spanning fifty states from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean, with mountains, plains, deserts and long coastlines. Each state administers its own laws and institutions under a shared constitution that organizes the political framework.

On July 4, 1776, thirteen British colonies declared their separation from Great Britain and founded a constitutional democracy built on individual rights. Over the following centuries, the territory expanded through land purchases, treaties and conflicts to its present reach.

English shapes daily life almost everywhere, while waves of immigration from Europe, Africa, Asia and Latin America continue to influence how people live, eat and celebrate. Local festivals, neighborhood kitchens and community gatherings reflect traditions carried across oceans and handed down through generations.

Each state sets its own traffic rules, opening hours and access regulations, so preparing for regional differences helps plan a visit. National holidays and local festivals influence how easily places can be reached and how daily routines unfold.

Yellowstone, established in 1872, became the first national park anywhere and served as a model for protected areas on every continent. Today the National Park Service oversees more than four hundred sites, including forests, volcanoes, battlefields and historic buildings.

Location: Decatur County

Inception: July 4, 1776

Capital city: Washington, D.C.

Part of: North America

Shares border with: Mexico, Canada, Russia, Cuba, The Bahamas, Venezuela, Dominican Republic, Federated States of Micronesia, Japan, Kiribati, Haiti, Samoa, Tonga, Russian Empire

Address: United States

Website: http://usa.gov

GPS coordinates: 39.78373,-100.44588

Latest update: December 4, 2025 17:20

Natural wonders of the American West

The western United States protects some of North America's most diverse natural landscapes. From the layered canyons of Canyonlands in Utah to the white gypsum dunes of White Sands in New Mexico, this region spans multiple climate zones and geological formations. Visitors find national parks, Pueblo archaeological sites and natural phenomena that document millions of years of Earth's history.The collection includes the ruins of Mesa Verde, where Ancestral Pueblo communities built cliff dwellings into sandstone alcoves from the 6th century until the late 1200s. Dinosaur National Monument preserves one of the world's most significant fossil beds, with more than 1,500 exposed dinosaur bones. Colorado's Great Sand Dunes rise to 750 feet (229 meters), making them the tallest dunes in North America. Carlsbad Caverns extends through 30 miles (48 kilometers) of underground passages with more than 120 known caves.The region's geology appears in the 2,000-foot (610-meter) depths of the Black Canyon of the Gunnison and the petrified tree trunks in Petrified Forest that date back more than 200 million years. Monument Valley presents sandstone formations rising 400 to 1,000 feet (122 to 305 meters) above the valley floor. Utah's Mystic Hot Springs feeds natural mineral pools at temperatures around 160 to 180 degrees Fahrenheit (71 to 82 degrees Celsius). Wolf Creek ski area records an average annual snowfall of 465 inches (11.4 meters).

National parks and monuments in Southwestern US

The southwestern United States encompasses desert landscapes, sandstone formations and archaeological sites from several pre-Columbian cultures. The region spans Utah, Arizona, New Mexico and Colorado, featuring geological structures shaped over millions of years by wind and water erosion. National parks such as Canyonlands and Capitol Reef display canyons, mesas and rock spires in shades of red, orange and ochre. The area preserves evidence of the Ancestral Puebloans, who built cliff dwellings and communal structures between the 12th and 14th centuries. Sites like Bandelier National Monument and Gila Cliff Dwellings provide access to these habitations. Chaco Culture National Historical Park documents a pre-Hispanic trading center with multistory stone complexes. Petroglyphs at locations such as Three Rivers and the petrified trees of Petrified Forest National Park offer additional historical records. The Navajo Nation administers Monument Valley and the Navajo Zoo, while Hubbell Trading Post operates as a functioning 19th-century trading post. Volcanic features mark Sunset Crater and El Malpais, while White Sands covers more than 275 square miles (700 square kilometers) of gypsum dunes. Glen Canyon and the man-made Lake Cochiti provide water access in this largely arid region. Elevation differences range from the Organ Pipe Cactus Desert to Great Basin National Park with its ridges above 13,000 feet (3,900 meters).

Hidden places in Texas

Texas contains natural springs, waterfalls, sand dunes and historic sites. The terrain changes from desert to swampland. The state features mining towns, military forts, Japanese gardens and prehistoric locations. Visitors can explore underwater caves, limestone cliffs, and salt marshes. The area includes Native American quarries, Spanish missions, and 19th-century plantations.

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