Niagara Falls

Three waterfalls along the Niagara River plunge over a combined height of 167 feet (51 meters), with Horseshoe Falls, American Falls, and Bridal Veil Falls together moving one of the largest water volumes in North America. The horseshoe-shaped Horseshoe Falls extends approximately 2,600 feet (790 meters) across on the Canadian side, while American Falls and the narrower Bridal Veil Falls sit on United States territory. The falls crest consists of dolostone over softer shale layers, contributing to continuous erosion.

The falls formed approximately 10,000 years ago during the Wisconsin glaciation when melting ice sheets carved through the Niagara Escarpment. Commercial development began in the early 19th century with hotels and observation points on both sides of the border. The first major hydroelectric plant opened in 1881, followed by additional facilities that drove industrial development in the region and regulated water distribution between the two countries through international treaties.

The falls have drawn artists, writers, and travelers from around the world since the 19th century and serve as an important symbol of North American natural landscape. Numerous daredevil stunts, including tightrope walks and barrel rides over the falls, have contributed to the popular mythology of the location. The region developed into a major honeymoon destination and welcomes millions of visitors annually from different countries.

Visitors can experience the falls from several viewing platforms, boat tours, or underground tunnels on both sides, with the Canadian side often offering better panoramic views. Off-season periods from April to May and September to October provide smaller crowds with pleasant temperatures. Both cities have public transportation, parking facilities, and accessible paths to main viewing areas, with rain gear recommended for close-up experiences.

The waterfalls process more than 5.9 million cubic feet (168,000 cubic meters) of water per minute during peak hours and generate substantial hydroelectric power for both countries, with water flow diverted at night and in winter for electricity generation. The erosion rate has caused the falls to migrate approximately 7 miles (11 kilometers) upstream over millennia, allowing geological studies of natural waterfall retreat.

Location: New York

Location: Ontario

Height: 57 m

Width: 790 m

Part of: Niagara River

GPS coordinates: 43.08000,-79.07100

Latest update: November 27, 2025 18:52