Mount Rushmore

Carved into granite at 1,745 meters elevation, the presidential faces of Washington, Jefferson, Theodore Roosevelt, and Lincoln each measure 18 meters from chin to forehead. The relief extends across the cliff face with dimensions that make details like eyes and mouths visible from several kilometers away. The sculpture rises from the surrounding rock formation with natural cracks and fracture lines that were incorporated into the design during work.

Historian Doane Robinson conceived the idea in 1923 to promote tourism. Sculptor Gutzon Borglum began work in 1927 and continued until 1941 when funding ceased after his death, leaving planned body details unfinished. Nearly 400 workers blasted and carved away almost 450,000 tons of rock during fourteen years. His son Lincoln Borglum briefly took over leadership before the project was officially completed.

For the Lakota Sioux, this site holds sacred significance as part of the Black Hills, making the monument a subject of ongoing discussion regarding indigenous heritage and national commemoration. The carving represents American presidential legacy and serves as a symbol of national identity, while simultaneously raising questions about land use and historical justice. Millions of visitors from around the world come annually to view the monumental representation of American leadership.

Open year-round with peak season from May through September, the site offers viewing platforms, a half-mile walking trail, evening lighting ceremony in summer, and visitor center with exhibits. Parking costs apply. Access is via U.S. Route 16 southwest of Keystone. Restrooms, dining facilities, and gift shops are located at the entrance. Accessible areas are available for visitors with limited mobility.

A hidden chamber behind Lincoln's head, called the Hall of Records, was intended to house important documents but remains unfinished. In 1998, a repository with historical texts was sealed there instead. The structure lies beneath several meters of rock and remains inaccessible to visitors, yet contains porcelain panels with documents on American history and biographies of Borglum and the depicted presidents.

Location: Pennington County

Elevation above the sea: 1,745 m

Made from material: granite

GPS coordinates: 43.87851,-103.45898

Latest update: November 27, 2025 20:05