Ictineo I, 19th-century submarine replica in El Raval, Spain
Ictineo I is a replica of an early submarine measuring about 7 m long, featuring a double hull with an inner pressure chamber and outer fish-shaped structure. The vessel was equipped with a hand-cranked propeller and glass viewing ports to allow observation of the underwater world.
Narcís Monturiol constructed this vessel in Barcelona in 1858 as a response to the needs of the coral industry. Following multiple test dives, the replica was destroyed by a cargo ship in 1862.
The submarine was designed to protect coral harvesters who risked their lives in dangerous underwater conditions. It represented an effort to make underwater exploration safer while supporting economic activities in the sea.
The model is located in the El Raval neighborhood and displays early underwater navigation techniques. Access is straightforward, and the surrounding district offers additional historical sites worth exploring.
The vessel was equipped with an advanced chemical air purification system that removed carbon dioxide and generated oxygen for the crew. This system was a remarkable technical innovation for its time.
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