Durham Castle, Norman fortress and university college in Durham, England
Durham Castle is a Norman fortress perched on a hilltop above the River Wear, directly facing the cathedral across the peninsula. Today it serves as a university residential college and contains a chapel, living quarters, and defensive structures typical of medieval castle design.
The fortress was built in 1072 on the orders of William the Conqueror to defend against northern threats and rebellions. It became a seat of power for centuries and shaped the political landscape of the north.
The chapel preserves details that show how religious and military power were closely connected in medieval times, revealing the role such places played in protecting and controlling the region.
The castle is accessible from the town center via steps and still houses students in its residential college function. Visitors can join guided tours at set times, though it is worth checking ahead since it remains an active student residence with limited visitor hours.
From 1080 to 1836, the castle served as the residence of Prince-Bishops who held remarkable authority to mint coins and command armies. This fusion of religious and secular power made it an unusually powerful position in England for centuries.
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