Karlštejn Castle, Medieval castle in Karlštejn, Czech Republic
Karlstein Castle sits on three ascending terraces with the Imperial Palace at the base and a Great Tower rising 60 meters high. The layout integrates residential spaces, chapels, and defensive structures across these levels, with each terrace serving distinct purposes.
Construction began in 1348 under Emperor Charles IV and served initially as a repository for the Imperial Regalia and Bohemian Crown Jewels. By the 16th century these treasures were relocated elsewhere, fundamentally shifting the fortress's strategic importance.
The Chapel of the Holy Cross holds 129 panel paintings by Master Theodoric depicting saints on gold backgrounds. Semi-precious stones are embedded throughout the walls, creating a layered visual effect that visitors can observe while moving through the space.
The site is best reached by pathways climbing from town toward the entrance, so comfortable shoes are recommended for the walk. Guided tours are offered in several languages, with opening times varying by season.
During the Hussite Wars in 1421, attackers employed an unusual tactic by throwing corpses over the walls to spread disease among defenders. This primitive biological warfare demonstrates the brutality of conflicts during that era.
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