Attwater Prairie Chicken National Wildlife Refuge, Wildlife refuge and natural landmark in Colorado County, United States.

Attwater Prairie Chicken National Wildlife Refuge covers 10,528 acres of coastal prairie in eastern Colorado County, about 60 miles west of Houston. The land holds native grasslands, ponds, and bottomland forest along the San Bernard River, which forms the eastern boundary. More than 250 bird species have been recorded here.

The refuge was founded in the 1960s when the World Wildlife Fund acquired land to protect the coastal prairie landscape. In 1972, the area was transferred to the United States Fish and Wildlife Service.

The refuge's name comes from the Attwater's prairie chicken, a ground-dwelling grouse of the coastal prairie that is critically endangered. Visitors can look for the bird's booming grounds and watch for birds released after being hatched at zoos and breeding centers such as Fossil Rim Wildlife Center and the Houston Zoo.

Visitors can use two hiking trails or drive a five-mile auto tour route to observe birds and wildlife. The best time to explore is between sunrise and sunset.

The refuge protects one of the largest remaining patches of coastal prairie in southeast Texas, and its 10,528 acres are managed for a single endangered bird. Attwater's prairie chickens released here are hatched at zoos and centers such as Fossil Rim Wildlife Center, the Houston Zoo and SeaWorld San Antonio, then fitted with radio transmitters before release.