Pine Bluff Arsenal, United States Army arsenal in Jefferson County, Arkansas, United States

Pine Bluff Arsenal is a military installation in Jefferson County, Arkansas, covering a large area with numerous buildings and structures. The grounds feature open spaces, storage facilities, and secure perimeters designed for functional operations.

The arsenal was established in 1941 during World War II and was originally called the Chemical Warfare Arsenal, renamed in 1942. For decades, operations focused on manufacturing, storing, and safely disposing of dangerous military materials, with its role evolving as defense needs changed.

The arsenal's name comes from Pine Bluff, the Jefferson County city about eight miles southeast; the site itself lies in unincorporated county land. Its 5,000 acres were bought from local physician James W. John, Sr., in 1941. The installation was first called the Chemical Warfare Arsenal, a name dropped after four months.

The site is not open to the general public, though occasional guided tours are available for authorized personnel. Visitors should be aware this is a highly secured military facility located roughly 12 kilometers from Pine Bluff.

Between 1954 and 1967 the arsenal produced at least seven different biological agents, and it was the only storage site for the hallucinogen BZ and its M43 cluster bomb. The BZ stocks and weapons were destroyed by incineration in 1988-1989, and all biological agents were gone by 1973.