McMurray Formation

The McMurray Formation is a geological formation in northeastern Alberta that comprises multiple layers of sandstone and claystone across the Athabasca oil sands region. These rock units vary in texture and composition as they extend through different depths underground.

The formation developed during the Early Cretaceous period when ancient river systems flowed through what is now Alberta. Over time, layers of sand and sediment accumulated and hardened into the rock layers visible today.

Indigenous communities established connections with the lands surrounding the McMurray Formation long before the initiation of industrial resource extraction activities.

Access to this formation is restricted in many areas, especially where extraction operations are active or planned. Visitors should check with local authorities about access rules before planning a visit.

The formation contains three distinct members that differ in their physical properties and composition. The middle section is particularly notable for its fine-grained, well-sorted sand with substantial bitumen reserves.

Location: Alberta

Made from material: sand

GPS coordinates: 56.77330,-111.40400

Latest update: December 10, 2025 15:51