Giam Siak Kecil-Bukit Batu, Biosphere reserve in Riau, Indonesia.
Giam Siak Kecil-Bukit Batu is a biosphere reserve in Riau, Sumatra, protecting over 700,000 hectares of peat swamp forests and freshwater wetlands. The territory spans across two main regions where waterways, forest corridors, and marshes create a complex mosaic of interconnected habitats.
The reserve was established after significant forest loss affected the region between 1982 and 2005. Deforestation reduced woodland coverage from roughly 80 percent to about one-third, prompting the creation of this protected area.
Local populations maintain traditional forest management methods while participating in modern conservation programs to protect the natural environment.
The best time to visit is during drier months when paths are more accessible and wildlife is more active. Visitors should come prepared for humid, swampy conditions and wear suitable clothing for the terrain.
More than 160 moth species inhabit this area and serve as indicators of forest ecosystem health. These insects reveal quickly to researchers whether forest conditions are deteriorating or improving.
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