Fortifications of Brussels, Medieval fortifications in Brussels, Belgium
The Fortifications of Brussels comprised two concentric defensive walls that enclosed the city with stone construction. The inner structure protected the early medieval core while the outer wall defended the expanded urban area as the city grew.
The first wall was built in the 13th century under Henry I of Brabant as the city expanded and needed protection. A second larger fortification followed between 1356 and 1383, but systematic dismantling of these structures began in 1782 as defensive needs changed.
The Halle Gate and remaining sections show how the city controlled entry points and movement between neighborhoods. These gates were gathering places where travelers and traders passed through rather than purely military structures.
The Small Ring, a modern boulevard, follows the path of the former outer wall and circles the historical center, making it easy to walk and explore the remaining sections. Following this route helps you understand how the old fortifications shaped the city layout you see today.
The outer wall featured roughly 72 defensive towers spaced closely together with seven main gates, creating an integrated control system across the perimeter. The tower spacing allowed guards to see and communicate with neighboring positions along the entire circuit.
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