Navahrudak Castle, Medieval castle ruins in Navahrudak, Belarus.
Navahrudak Castle stands on Castle Hill as a ruin of red brick and rough grey stone: a tall broken tower with three narrow arched windows stacked on one face and a larger arched opening lower on the other. Foundations of walls and towers remain, and the first stone donjon lies buried 7.5 m below the later brick Shchitovka tower built on it.
A wooden citadel stood on Castle Hill until the mid-13th century, when Mindaugas made Navahrudak his capital and was crowned King of Lithuania there in 1253. The first stone donjon, built of large cut stone, was later replaced by the brick Shchitovka Tower, about 25 m high with walls some 3 m thick. Vytautas the Great added four stone towers, and by the 16th century the castle had seven towers, the only one in Belarus with that number. Muscovite and Cossack troops took the castle twice in 1654–1667, and Swedish forces blew up the remains in 1706.
The castle grounds now host medieval reenactment and theatrical jousting. The name Navahrudak is linked to Mindaugas, whom Maciej Stryjkowski named as crowned King of Lithuania here; Lithuanian historians such as T. Baranauskas doubt he ever visited. The church of the Dormition housed the Grand Duchy's Tribunal until 1775.
Visitors can explore the ruins during daylight hours and view the entire site from various vantage points on the hill. Nearby accommodations and restaurants make planning a visit straightforward.
Maciej Stryjkowski, a 16th-century chronicler, named Navahrudak as the place of Mindaugas's coronation as King of Lithuania in 1253 and his likely burial site. Lithuanian historians such as T. Baranauskas note there is no evidence Mindaugas ever lived in or visited the town, calling the claim Stryjkowski's conjecture built on legends.
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