Fiery Cross Reef, Artificial island in Spratly Islands, South China Sea.

Fiery Cross Reef is an artificial island in the Spratlys in the South China Sea. The reclaimed land covers around 274 hectares and features a 3.1-kilometer runway designed for both military and civilian aircraft operations.

British sailors first documented the reef in 1867 during a survey mission aboard HMS Rifleman. They discovered the wreckage of two merchant ships that had wrecked on the submerged reef.

The reef's English name comes from the British tea clipper Fiery Cross, wrecked on the atoll on 4 March 1860. Chinese fishermen called it Tuwu, and in 1947 the Republic of China government renamed it Yongshu Reef. The Philippines calls it Bahura ng Kagitingan, 'Reef of Valor', while Vietnam uses Đá Chữ Thập, 'Cross Reef'.

The island is a restricted military installation with no public access or civilian transport. Its 3,300-meter runway (05/23) and 5,000-tonne supply wharf support military logistics, while a hospital built to secondary A-level standards serves personnel. Mobile signals from China's three main carriers cover the area.

The reef's Chinese name, Yongshu Jiao, was assigned in 1947, replacing a 1935 translation of the English name; Chinese fishermen had long called it Tuwu. In 1987 UNESCO's sea-level programme listed the site for a tide gauge, and China began building there in February 1988, completing the station that August.