St. Wolfgang, Late Gothic fortress church in Rothenburg ob der Tauber, Germany

St. Wolfgang is a hall church of squared stone built 1475–1493 over the casemates of the Klingentorbastei, outside the Klingentor gate rather than inside its tower. It has a nave with a star vault, a recessed choir with a 5/8 close and net vault, and a square roof turret holding a small bell. In a niche between the two south portals stand a seated figure of St. Wolfgang and a Crucifixion relief above it.

The church was built between 1475 and 1493 by the Brotherhood of Shepherds as both a place of worship and a defensive structure. It represents how a professional guild invested in the town's religious and military infrastructure during the late medieval period.

The interior reflects the shepherds' importance to the town through its design and the nearby museum dedicated to this profession. Shepherding guilds shaped the local economy and daily rhythms for centuries.

The church stands at Klingentorbastei just outside the Klingentor gate, with the Klingenturm tower beside it and an arch nearby leading down toward the Tauber river. The shepherd dance museum occupies an annex next to the church. The building sits above the casemates of the Klingentorbastei, so the exterior reads as a thick-walled fortification while the interior is a hall church.

An underground network of casemates connects the church to the town walls, revealing how it functioned as both sanctuary and fortress. These hidden passages were critical during sieges, allowing defenders to move between positions without exposure.