Bildstock, Wayside shrine in Dettelbach, Bavaria, Germany
The Sieben-Köpfe-Marter is a late-Gothic wayside shrine in Dettelbach, made of weathered sandstone now heavily covered in yellow and grey lichen. A broad chamfered pillar rises to a four-sided top with a capital of leaf ornament. The front shows a crucifixion group: Christ on the cross, Mary on the left and John on the right, with small carved faces above the side figures and an animal below the cross. The narrow sides carry reliefs of Saints Felicitas and Stephen, and the back bears an inscription.
The Sieben-Köpfe-Marter was erected around 1486, when the monasteries of St. Stephan and Münsterschwarzach agreed on 20 October to mark the boundary of their tithe rights in Dettelbach with a stone image. Its name arose decades later, after the Peasants' War of 1525, when Prince-Bishop Konrad II von Thüngen had seven Dettelbach ringleaders beheaded. Until 1770 it stood as a landmark on the old road to Würzburg; it was fully restored in 2004.
The name Sieben-Köpfe-Marter (Seven Heads Martyr) comes from the seven beheaded Dettelbach ringleaders of the 1525 Peasants' War, whose names are recorded in Lorenz Fries's chronicle. Their fate was later read into the seven sons' heads held by Saint Felicitas on the shrine's narrow side, although the monument was actually set up around 1486 as a tithe boundary marker.
The shrine can be reached on foot from the center of Dettelbach by following one of the rural paths that run through the surrounding fields and vineyards. Footwear with a good grip is useful on these paths, especially after rain when the ground can become uneven.
The back of the shrine carries a carved inscription naming Saint Stephen and Saint Felicitas and their two monasteries' rights, marking the boundary between the abbeys of St. Stephen and Münsterschwarzach. The seven heads of Felicitas's sons in the side relief were later read as the seven Dettelbach ringleaders beheaded after the 1525 Peasants' War.
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