Ramparts of Mont Saint-Michel, Medieval fortification system in Le Mont-Saint-Michel, France
The Ramparts of Mont Saint-Michel form a granite fortification system that encircles the entire island with eight gates, three posterns, and three bastions. This defensive ring allows visitors to walk along protected rampart paths that offer continuous views across the bay from various points.
The fortification was built between the 12th and 14th centuries as protection against attackers and was later reinforced in the 17th century under King Louis XIV by military architect Vauban with the addition of Tour Boucle. This redesign strengthened the island against modern military threats during a period when France was securing its borders.
The walls enclosed a tight community of traders, craftspeople, and pilgrims whose daily routines revolved around the tides and the rhythm of abbey life. People lived and worked in close quarters, sharing the same narrow passages and gathering spaces for markets and trade.
Visitors can access the rampart walkway through multiple staircases located at each gate and complete the full circuit by walking around the island. Wear good footwear and expect wind and changing light as you move along exposed sections at different heights.
During a conflict spanning several decades in medieval times, a small garrison of about 100 to 150 fighters defended the walls against repeated assaults from vastly larger forces. The island remained under French control throughout and was never captured, despite being surrounded by enemy troops for extended periods.
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