Zahhak Castle, Ancient fortress in Ajab Shir, Iran.
Zahhak Castle is an ancient stone fortress on elevated ground in Hashtrud County featuring robust defensive walls and architectural elements from the Parthian period. The site spreads across multiple levels with preserved walls, towers, and residential areas from different eras.
The fortress dates from the second millennium BCE and remained continuously inhabited through various periods until the Timurid era came to an end. This long occupation reflects the site's strategic importance over centuries.
The fortress takes its name from Zahhak, a central figure in Persian mythology, and its remains reflect the building techniques of ancient Iranian societies. Walking through the site, visitors can observe how different periods of occupation left their marks on the structures.
Visitors can explore the excavated archaeological areas with several restored structures accessible, though some parts of the site remain under ongoing investigation. Those visiting should expect uneven terrain and limited protective barriers in places.
British archaeologists conducted the first scientific excavations in the 19th century, leading to important discoveries now displayed in Azerbaijani museums. This early international research significantly advanced knowledge of Parthian architecture.
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