Iran

This nation spans 1,648,195 square kilometers (636,400 square miles) and includes mountain ranges in the north, extensive desert regions in the center, and coastlines along the Persian Gulf and Caspian Sea with diverse landscape formations.

The Islamic Republic emerged in 1979 after a revolution transformed the country from a monarchy into a theocratic state under Ayatollah Khomeini, establishing a new political order in the Middle East with religious governance structures.

Persian poetry, architecture, carpet weaving, and calligraphy form central elements of Iranian artistic traditions that have shaped numerous civilizations across centuries and influenced the broader cultural heritage of the region through sustained creative output.

The capital Tehran connects through Imam Khomeini International Airport to major destinations, while domestic flights operate from Mehrabad Airport to regional centers, and the nationwide transportation network provides access to various travel destinations throughout the territory.

The Persian New Year celebration Nowruz occurs precisely at the spring equinox following astronomical calculations determining the exact moment of solar transition, with families traditionally arranging seven symbolic items on the Haft-Sin table representing renewal and natural cycles.

Inception: April 1, 1979

Capital city: Tehran

Part of: Middle East, West Asia

Shares border with: Afghanistan, Pakistan, Turkey, Iraq, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Turkmenistan, Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, Oman, Qatar, United Arab Emirates

Website: https://president.ir/en

GPS coordinates: 32.64753,54.56435

Latest update: November 30, 2025 15:24