Rauðhólar, Protected volcanic landscape with cones in Reykjavík, Iceland
Rauðhólar is a group of rootless volcanic cones in Reykjavík made of layered ash and scoria with reddish coloring from iron oxide. These formations were created about 5000 years ago when lava flowed over shallow water, causing steam explosions that built up and hardened into the cone shapes seen today.
About 5000 years ago, lava from the Brennisteinsfjöll volcanic system flowed over the land and created steam explosions that formed the cones at Rauðhólar. During the 20th century, especially around World War II, much of the gravel and rock was extracted for building roads and airports until the area was protected as a reserve in 1974.
Rauðhólar means "Red Mounds" in Icelandic, a name that comes from the iron oxide coloring on the cone surfaces. Locals and visitors use this area regularly for walking, photography, and quiet time away from the city.
The area is open year-round and easily reached by foot or car from Reykjavík, with walking paths established throughout the site. Visitors should stay on marked trails, wear sturdy footwear, and be careful on the uneven and sometimes sharp volcanic rock surface.
Originally more than 100 cones existed here, but most disappeared in the 20th century due to gravel extraction for construction projects. The remaining cones today serve as reminders of these lost formations and show how human activity can reshape even ancient landscapes.
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