Jawa Dam

Jawa Dam is a gravity dam stretching across Wadi Rajil, built from basalt stones with a core reinforced by clay, wood ash, and soil. The structure collected winter rainfall through channels that directed water into a rock-enclosed basin for storage.

Built around 5000 years ago during the Early Bronze Age, it stands as the world's oldest known dam structure. The construction demonstrates that people were already using engineering to manage water for their settlements in that ancient period.

The dam provided water for agriculture and drinking across the region, supporting the way people farmed and lived in this dry landscape.

The site sits in an open desert landscape, so be prepared for intense heat and bring plenty of water. Early mornings or late afternoons are better for exploring, as the midday sun can be harsh.

The original construction was reinforced and enlarged over centuries, with the core structure being rebuilt multiple times. These gradual improvements show how ancient people refined their engineering skills through experience.