Samuil's Fortress, Medieval fortress in Ohrid, North Macedonia
Samuil's Fortress is a medieval stone fortification built on a hilltop above the city, with substantial limestone walls that rise well above the surrounding landscape. The structure encompasses a large area across the hilltop and contains several gates and passages that divide different sections.
The original fortress was founded under an ancient Macedonian king but reached its greatest importance in the 10th century when it became the capital of a powerful regional empire. Successive rulers expanded and rebuilt the fortification over the following centuries to maintain its strength.
The fortress displays building styles from different periods—Roman, Byzantine, Slavic, and Ottoman elements are visible in its construction. Visitors can see how the architecture changed over time through the different techniques and materials used in various sections.
Visiting requires moderate physical effort due to hilly terrain and steep sections in places. Wear sturdy shoes and bring water, as shade is limited and the hilltop can be exposed to sun and wind.
Archaeological digs within the walls uncovered artifacts dating to the 5th century BCE, including a golden mask and gloves. These discoveries reveal that the hilltop was home to settlements long before the medieval fortress was built.
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