Valkenburg Castle, Medieval hilltop castle in Valkenburg aan de Geul, Netherlands
Valkenburg Castle sits atop a limestone hill with remnants of defensive towers, a great hall, and passages dug directly into the rock face. The complex spreads across different levels of the hill, with walls and structures built into the natural geology of the slope.
The first fortifications were built in 1115, and the complex withstood multiple attacks before being destroyed in 1672. This destruction marked the end of its role as a defensive position in the region.
The ruins reflect how medieval communities organized defense and power in this region for several centuries. Visitors see architectural traces that once represented military strength and territorial control.
The site can be explored on foot, though the underground areas require special care since passages are narrow and dark. Sturdy shoes and a flashlight help when navigating the tunnels safely.
Beneath the ruins lies a network of natural and man-made caverns that expanded over centuries. One of these chambers, known as the Velvet Cave, held a small chapel carved into the marlstone during the 18th century.
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