Netherlands, Constitutional monarchy in northwestern Europe.
The Netherlands is a country in northwestern Europe bordered by Germany, Belgium, and the North Sea. Twelve provinces stretch from the coast to the river deltas of the Rhine, Meuse, and Schelde, with polders and canals crossing the flat terrain and cities like Amsterdam, Rotterdam, and The Hague combining modern and historic districts.
The northern provinces fought for independence from Spanish rule and formed the Republic of the Seven United Provinces in 1581. After Napoleonic occupation, the kingdom was established in 1815 with William I as its first monarch.
The name comes from „neder,
Public transport links all major cities through a dense rail network, supplemented by buses and trams. Bicycles can be rented at train stations nationwide and serve as the preferred means of transport for shorter trips.
The Delta Works, built between 1950 and 1997 after the 1953 flood disaster, are considered one of the seven modern engineering wonders. The movable storm surge barriers in the Oosterschelde can close within minutes while protecting the marine ecosystem through controlled tidal flows.
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