Stier, Bronze bull sculpture at Beursplein in Amsterdam-Centrum, Netherlands
Stier is a bronze sculpture depicting a charging bull with its head lowered in an aggressive posture, weighing around 2500 kilograms. The figure stands on Beursplein square near the Euronext building and appears to push forward with natural muscular tension.
Italian-American artist Arturo Di Modica installed the sculpture secretly during the night of July 4-5, 2012, without obtaining prior municipal permission. Legal discussions about its permanent placement were eventually resolved through a purchase agreement that formalized its position on the square.
The bull embodies financial strength and market confidence for visitors, much like its famous counterpart on Wall Street. Tourists frequently touch the animal's snout and horns, creating shiny patches on the bronze from repeated contact.
The artwork sits in a public square in the city center and is free to view at any time. Access is straightforward and the location is easily reached on foot, making it a popular spot for visitors to stop and take photographs.
The bull's snout has become notably dark and shiny from being touched by countless visitors seeking good fortune. This everyday interaction between artwork and public has permanently altered the patina of the bronze figure over time.
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