Fort of Zambujal, Archaeological site and nature reserve in Mafra, Portugal
Forte do Zambujal is an archaeological site and nature reserve in Mafra comprised of a hexagonal central redoubt connected by a tunnel carved into the rock to an adjoining shooting platform. A dry moat excavated directly from the rock surrounds the entire structure, which contains powder magazines and defensive works.
The fort was built between 1809 and 1810 under Arthur Wellesley's command to defend the beaches at the Lizandro River mouth during the Peninsular War. It formed part of a defensive line protecting the Portuguese coast from French invasion.
Archaeological excavations in 2009 revealed construction techniques of earth and wood structures, contributing to Portuguese military architecture understanding.
The site is easily accessible with parking available on-site, and the grounds are well maintained. Wear sturdy shoes as the terrain is rocky and trails through the natural surroundings can be uneven.
Excavations in 2009 uncovered construction methods using earth and wood, revealing how these defenses were built quickly during wartime. This practical building approach proved effective for the military needs of that period.
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