Prophet's Mosque, Islamic place of worship in Medina, Saudi Arabia

The complex extends across an expansive area with ten minarets rising 105 meters and multiple interconnected prayer halls. Large shaded courtyards with colonnades surround the main prayer areas, while marble flooring and ornamented walls characterize the interior spaces. The structure combines Ottoman, Mamluk, and contemporary architectural elements throughout its multi-phase construction.

Muhammad built the first mosque in 622 after buying the land from two orphans, Sahl and Suhayl; Abu Ayyub al-Ansari paid the price. Caliph Umar demolished surrounding houses to enlarge it, and in 706–707 al-Walid I had Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz rebuild it with a first concave mihrab.

This mosque serves as a religious learning center where scholars conduct courses in Islamic jurisprudence, hadith sciences, and Quranic interpretation for students from all continents. Pilgrims arrive to seek spiritual fulfillment through communal prayer and participation in religious ceremonies. The institution preserves manuscripts and religious texts that generations of theologians use for their research.

The Quba Gate, marked DOOR NO. 5, is one of the numbered entrances on the mosque's perimeter; its gold doors open inward beneath a plaque of Arabic inscription. The mosque is generally open regardless of date or time, and in modern times it has been closed to visitors only once, as Ramadan approached during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Worshippers enter through gates assigned by gender and prayer time.

The Green Dome marks the burial site of Muhammad in the southeastern section and incorporates the original space of Aisha's residence into the structure. Beneath the dome also lie the graves of the first two caliphs Abu Bakr and Umar. The characteristic green color emerged only in the 12th century through a renovation under Sultan Qaitbay.