Göbekli Tepe

The site consists of multiple circular structures featuring massive T-shaped limestone pillars reaching heights of 20 feet (6 meters) and weights of up to 20 tons (18 metric tons). These pillars stand in concentric rings, with two larger monoliths positioned at each center. Surfaces display detailed reliefs of animals and abstract symbols carved into the stone.

Klaus Schmidt, a German archaeologist, began systematic excavations in 1995, uncovering structures dated to 9600 BCE. Earlier surveys in the 1960s had mistakenly classified the location as a medieval cemetery. The builders intentionally buried the complex around 8000 BCE, preserving it for millennia until modern excavations began.

The T-shaped pillars feature carvings of foxes, snakes, wild boars, and vultures, suggesting complex ritual symbolism. Researchers interpret this site as a gathering place for ceremonial activities among multiple Neolithic communities. The monumental construction demonstrates an organized social structure capable of coordinating hundreds of workers before the development of settled agricultural societies.

A modern visitor center offers exhibitions on excavation methods and interpretations of the findings. Guided tours operate daily, with early morning hours providing cooler temperatures. Access is through Şanlıurfa, located 11 miles (18 kilometers) to the southeast. Covered walkways provide shade, and sturdy footwear is recommended due to uneven terrain.

Ground-penetrating radar surveys reveal that 95 percent of the site remains unexplored beneath the surface, concealing additional circular structures. Some pillars display carved arms and hands, possibly representing anthropomorphic figures. The quarries from which the monoliths originated lie just 330 feet (100 meters) from the main complex and still contain unfinished pillars.

Location: Şanlıurfa Province

Location: Haliliye

Inception: 10 Millenium BCE

Elevation above the sea: 760 m

Opening Hours: Monday-Sunday 08:30-18:30

Phone: 04143131588

Website: https://muze.gov.tr/muze-detay?sectionId=SGT01&distId=SGT

GPS coordinates: 37.22306,38.92250

Latest update: November 27, 2025 18:58