Citadel of Pamplona, Renaissance military fortress in Pamplona, Spain.
The Citadel of Pamplona is a star-shaped fortress with five bastions built in the Renaissance military style. The complex includes several stone buildings, covered passages, and earthen ramparts that extend around the entire perimeter.
The fortress was designed in 1571 by military engineer Giacomo Palearo under King Philip II to defend against French threats. It remained Pamplona's most important defensive stronghold throughout the centuries that followed.
The fortress served as the military heart of the city for centuries and remains a gathering space for locals. People walk its green areas and enjoy the views from the ramparts, making it part of everyday life rather than just a monument.
Wear sturdy shoes because the paths on the ramparts and through covered passages can be uneven. Plan to arrive early so you can explore at your own pace and spend the hottest hours walking in the shade of the galleries.
The fortress still holds its original ammunition magazines and soldier barracks, where you can see how military life actually functioned. Some of these spaces remain accessible and offer a direct look at daily garrison routines.
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