Zollverein Coal Mine Industrial Complex, Industrial heritage site in Essen, Germany.
Zollverein is a decommissioned coal mine in northern Essen converted into a cultural complex. Red brick buildings with steel frameworks, winding towers and miles of pipework define the sprawling site between residential districts and parkland.
Shaft Zollverein began operations in 1851 and grew into one of the largest mines in the Ruhr region. After 135 years, the facility closed in 1986 and later received World Heritage status.
The name Zollverein comes from a 19th-century German customs union. Former coal-washing plants now house museums, galleries and event spaces that turn the site into a working cultural center.
The grounds are open access and suitable for walking between buildings and across outdoor areas. Guided visits through the facilities offer insight into former workflows and technical installations.
The coking plant continued production until 1993, seven years after the mine closed, and is now fully accessible to visitors. A public viewing platform on the roof of the coal-washing plant offers views across the entire site.
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